Quantum computing refers to the anticipated technology of the future and which utilizes quantum mechanics to ensure that there is a dramatic surge in processing ability. It is projected that machines of quantum computing shall outperform the supercomputers of contemporary times.

Background
The concept of quantum computing came into existence during the early 1980s and corresponding research has been going on since then. But, it is only since of late that the researches are yielding favorable results

It needs to be understood that it is still early days for quantum computing. The technology is still in experimental stages. But, these experiments are being conducted extensively, globally, and several prominent governmental agencies are financing the same.

As an example, in October 2019, NASA and Google AI performed a quantum computing experiment, which reportedly executed a task in around 3 minutes. It’s stated that even the topmost supercomputer currently in use would consume about 10,000 years to finish this work! 

Quantum computers versus conventional computers – technical difference
The present-day computers make use of bits, which are termed as binary digits, too. But when quantum computing is viewed, the bits are replaced with qubits that are microscopic particles like photons and electrons. The properties supported by qubits are unique, in the sense that they enable enhanced power of processing, even when compared to the same quantity of binary digits.  

Various forms of quantum computing
At this juncture, it would help us to succinctly delve on various forms of quantum computing.

• Quantum annealing: By making mention of quantum annealing, we are speaking of the capability of computing where the most appropriate configuration gets selected after analyzing numerous combinations. For instance, in the recent past, Volkswagen successfully completed a quantum computing task in Beijing. Here, the technology was used to minimize traffic congestion, by guiding each and every vehicle with regard to the right route to be taken.
• Quantum simulation: Quantum simulation analyzes particular issues of quantum physics and which can’t be resolved by conventional computers. As a matter of fact, the simulation of highly complicated quantum patterns is the most significant benefit of quantum computing. This aspect of the technology is extremely crucial in the avenue of pharmacy, especially when it is the question of developing drugs for degenerative diseases.
• Universal quantum computing: As on date, the machines based on universal quantum computing denote as being nothing more than a distant dream. The qubits used by a full-fledged quantum computer are expected to be well in excess of 100,000. In this connection, it’s interesting to see that the maximum qubits accessible with present technologies are slightly over 100! Experts are relentlessly developing algorithms of quantum computing, over the past several years. In spite of all that, we have to wait for some more years, for the quantum computers to touch every facet of human life!     

Future of quantum computing
It has to be noted that quantum computing would not make regular computers outdated. It’s just that quantum computers are going to be widely used in sectors such as pharmaceuticals. Otherwise, persisting with the traditional computer will always remain as the simplest way to address the major chunk of the issues.

One should not be under the misconception that quantum computing technologies are just around the corner! The academic institutions and companies that are toiling, in this direction, are hindered by the paucity of experts. Apart from that, there is also a serious scarcity of sellers of many crucial physical components. It’ll take time but the technology will arrive. Things can be summarized in a simple sentence “be patient and you will witness the era of quantum computers.”